Analysis also requires evaluating the quality of each study, including design, potential biases, and the likelihood of chance effects by statistical analysis (e.g., p values as discussed in chapter 10).Ultimately, however, considerations include what percentage of evidence supports versus refutes the hypothesis (as described in chapter 1, a percentage is a form of a fraction)
Quantity is a straight count of physical units, whereas volume is a measure of real economic activity derived from values by removing price effects
Xiong, Q., Bai, Q., Li, C., Lei, H., Liu, C., Shen, Y., Uyama, H.: Cost-effective, highly selective and environmentally friendly superhydrophobic absorbent from cigarette filters for oil spillage clean up
Featherstone and Siegel, 2015)